Plasma-chemical technology
of bio-oil production
from a mixture of fuel oil and brown coal
of bio-oil production
from a mixture of fuel oil and brown coal
Tasks of plasma-chemical (PC) technology
for liquid fuel production
- Estimation of efficiency of application of PC technology for joint processing of fuel oil and lignite mixture for liquid fuel production.
- Obtaining the maximum amount of light fractions from liquid fuel.
- Assessment of applicability and characterization of the obtained products from liquid fuel.
- Schematic diagram of the installation for PC treatment of hydrocarbon mixtureThe discharge (plasma) zone is in direct contact with the treated HC feedstock, which is fed continuously. Under the influence of high-energy electrons and ions of the plasma, HC molecules, which are part of the feedstock, undergo degradation and are divided into lower molecular weight compounds.
The effective residence time of HC in the plasma is 12 microseconds.
- The main advantage of energy conversion under low-temperature plasma (LTP) conditions is the high rates of the cracking reaction. Intensification of cracking processes occurs under the action of high temperature and high specific plasma power, which leads to the formation of a high concentration of active radicals, ions and electrons.
- Electron energy at LTP is about 10 eV, which allows to split hydrocarbons by C-C (6.2 eV) and C-H (5.5 eV) bonds.
- Exposure of hydrocarbons to LTP causes a variety of chemical reactions leading to the destruction of their high-molecular compounds, which increases efficiency compared to thermal cracking.
Main features of plasma chemical processes
feedstock product processing
Material balance of processing a mixture of fuel oil and lignite, kg
- Distillation result of the product of the PC treatmentAtmospheric distillation to 330°C of the mixture after plasma-chemical treatment showed a bio-oil yield of more than 65%.
Secondary distillation yielded about 6.6% of petrol and 50.9% of diesel fractions.
Refined products and energy balance
- At atmospheric distillation of 1000 kg of a mixture of fuel oil and brown coal to 360°C, treated according to the PC method, containing about 793 kg of organic compounds, is released, kg: about 648 kg of organic liquid products (64.8%); up to 19 kg of water; up to 80 kg of gaseous compounds (CO, CO2, H2S, hydrocarbons C1-C4 and others); up to 253 solid residue. The yield of liquid organic products is about 82% of the theoretically possible.
- At atmospheric distillation of the same mixture without PC treatment only 16% of organic liquid products can be obtained.
- The total energy consumption for PC processing is about 32 kW per tonne of feedstock (including 6.16 kW for the operation of the PC reactor). The calculation does not include energy consumption for condensation of liquid fractions and separation of solid residue from treated feedstock.
Physical and chemical characteristics
of distillate (heating oil)
Group composition of distillate
Structural diagram of the equipment
Approximate calculation of economic indicators at the capacity of the complex of 15 tones per day
Conclusions
Atmospheric distillation, PX of a treated mixture of fuel oil and lignite, to 360°C boils about 65% of the distillate, produces about 25-26% of solid mineral residue, 8% of hydrocarbon non-condensable gases and 2% of water. At the second distillation of distillate (65%) it is possible to obtain petrol fraction 6-7%, diesel fraction 50-51% and liquid residue 3-4%.
Mineral part of coal (about 25%) can be extracted from the product of PC processing of peat and fuel oil mixture by thermolysis on known equipment (but up to 360°C) and used as mineral powders in road construction or for making fuel pellets. The lower and higher calorific values are 6860 and 8150 kcal/kg, respectively.
Electricity consumption directly for PC processing of 1000 kg of mixture of fuel oil and lignite is about 6.16 kW.
- Simplified economic calculation shows that with initial equipment costs of about 45.4 million rubles and equipment productivity of 15 tonnes/day the payback period of the project is less than 2 years. At the same time, the gas produced is used for heating a mixture of fuel oil and lignite. The calculations do not take into account income from pellet sales.
- Experimental production unit
in a container
