Plasma chemical cracking of tar sands
Tasks of plasma chemical cracking of tar sands
- Production of at least 25% of heating fuel and about 60% of road bitumen component from tar sands after ABT.
- Production of fuel oil M100 from tar tar after AVT.
- Installation scheme
for fuel oil processingThe discharge zone (a plasma) is in direct contact with the HC crude processed, which is fed continuously. Under the influence of high-energy electrons and plasma ions, the HC molecules subjected to destruction, and break down into lower molecular weight compounds.
The effective residence time of the HCs in plasma is 12 microseconds.
Main features of plasma chemical processes
The main feature of plasma-chemical processes is that in plasma reactive particles - excited molecules, electrons, molecular ions and free radicals - are formed in higher concentrations than in cracking, which initiate and cause new types of chemical cracking reactions.
Advantages
of plasma-chemical processes
of plasma-chemical processes
- The main advantage of energy conversion under low-temperature plasma (LTP) conditions is the high rates of the cracking reaction. Intensification of cracking processes takes place under the short-term action of high temperature and high specific plasma power, which leads to the formation of a high concentration of active radicals, ions and electrons.
- Electron energy at NTP is about 10 eV, which allows to split hydrocarbons by C-C (6.2 eV) and C-H (5.5 eV) bonds.
- The impact of NTP on hydrocarbons causes many chemical reactions leading to the destruction of their high-molecular compounds, which increases efficiency compared to thermal cracking.
Sequence of tar sands processing after ABT in order to obtain the maximum amount of light fractions
Processing of tar sands consisted of the following stages:
- Treatment of tar sands in a PC reactor at 160oC to obtain the processed product;
- Distillation of the obtained product with obtaining a fraction of n.k.-360оС, residue and gas. The boiling point was 145оС; Distillate yield was 27.6%;
- Distillation from the n.k.-360oC fraction to obtain products of petrol fraction (fl. n.k.-200oC) and diesel fraction (fl. 201-360oC);
- Distillation of initial tar without PC treatment allowed to obtain about 4.7 per cent of distillate. The boiling point was 270oC.
Block diagram of PC treatment of tar sands and atmospheric distillation of the obtained product
(conversion to initial tar)
(conversion to initial tar)
Material balance of PC of tar sands processing in terms of 1000 kg, kg
Products of tar sands processing and energy costs
- At processing of 1000 kg of tar tar by PC method can be obtained, kg: 80 - gas, 276 - distillation and 644 - residue.
- The distillation after the first distillation corresponds to the requirements of TU for heating oil.
- The residue is a component of road bitumen. It has a penetration index of 100 - 150 dmm and a ring and ball softening point (RSP) of 60 - 73oC, it can also be used as a component of delayed coking raw materials.
- Energy costs for the PC treatment of 1000 kg of tar: consumption of the PC reactor power supply about 30 kW, heating of tar (from 25 to 160°C) - 55 kW, operation of the pump motor - 2.75 kW. Total: 88 kW to treat 1000 kg of tar.
Sequence of tar sands processing
after ABT in order to obtain fuel oil M100
Processing of tar sands consisted of the following stages:
- Treatment of tar sands in a PC reactor at 160oC to obtain the processed product;
- Distillation of petrol fraction n.a.c.-200oC. As a result of distillation residue-1 is obtained. The petrol fraction contains a noticeable amount of diene hydrocarbons. This distillation is necessary to increase the stability of the product of PC processing of tar sands over time. Without distillation of the petrol fraction, the viscosity and pour point increase sharply in a few days.
- Then from 50 % of residue-1 the fraction 201-360оС is distilled off, with obtaining residue-2, which is a thermobitumen with penetration 100-150 dmm and softening point on the ring and ball (CiB) 60-73оС. The obtained distillation of 201-360oC is added to the remaining residue-1. The obtained product meets the requirements for M100.
Block diagram for processing tar sands into M100
Material balance of tar sands processing into M100, kg
Results of application of plasma chemical treatment
on the example of fuel oils
- At atmospheric distillation of initial fuel oil up to 360oC without PC treatment and after PC treatment about 20% and 64% of distillate fraction is obtained respectively, which meets the requirements for heating fuel. The liquid fractions obtained by PC method can be hydrotreated and processed together with delayed coking and visbreaking fractions.
- The resulting residue is a component of road bitumen.
- The energy consumption directly for the PC treatment of 1000 kg of fuel oil is about 6.16 kW.Thus, the PC method at low energy costs can be used as a non-traditional method of processing of oil fuel oil.
Compliance of off-take with the requirements
of TU for heating oil (TU 19.20.27-001-05740304-2020)
of TU for heating oil (TU 19.20.27-001-05740304-2020)
Compliance of SMT with the requirements
ТУ 38.101567-2014
ТУ 38.101567-2014
- Experimental production unit
in a container
Technical characteristics
of the experimental production unit
of the experimental production unit
Heating oil test protocol
Протокол испытаний судового маловязкого топлива
